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Early Childhood Profile

Early Care and EducationParenting and Economic Supports 

State Choices to Promote Effective Parenting

Low-income young children with a parent employed full-time, 2008

Low-income young children with a parent employed full-time, 20081

  • Provide option to extend Medicaid coverage for family planning to otherwise ineligible low-income women [2009]2
  • Exempt single parents on TANF from work requirements until the youngest child reaches age 1. [2009]3
    Parent has a 3-month exemption per child with cumulative total of 12 months
  • Reduce the TANF work requirement to 20 hours or less per week for single parents with children under age 6 [2009]4
    Required to work 20 hours
  • Operate a statewide home visiting program. [2007]5

State Choices to Promote Family Economic Security

Education levels of mothers with young children, 2008

Education levels of mothers with young children, 20081

  • Establish a state minimum wage that exceeds the federal minimum wage ($7.25/hr). [2009]6
    $7.55
  • Exempt single-parent families of three below the poverty level from personal income tax. [2009]7
    No state income tax.
  • Offer a refundable state earned income tax credit. [2008]8
  • Offer a refundable state dependent care tax credit. [2007]9
  • Keep copayments for child care subsidies below 10% of family income for most families. [2008]10
  • Allow families on TANF to receive some or all of their child support payment without reducing TANF cash assistance. [2009]11
Early Care and Education 

Data Notes and Sources

Last Updated: December 4, 2009

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  1. State data were calculated from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (the March supplement) of the Current Population Survey from 2007, 2008, and 2009, representing information from calendar years 2006, 2007, and 2008. NCCP averaged three years of data because of small sample sizes in less populated states. The national data were calculated from the 2009 data, representing information from the previous calendar year.
  2. State Medicaid Family Planning Eligibility Expansions, State Policies in Brief, as of October 19, 2009. Guttmacher Institute. http://www.guttmacher.org (accessed through http://www.statehealthfacts.org on October 28, 2009)
  3. The federal poverty level for a family of three was $18,310/yr in 2009.
    Rowe, Gretchen; Murphy, Mary. 2009. The Welfare Rules Databook: State Policies as of July 2008. The Urban Institute. http://anfdata.urban.org (accessed November 10, 2009).
  4. Rowe, Gretchen; Murphy, Mary. 2009. The Welfare Rules Databook: State Policies as of July 2008. Table III.B.2, footnotes 3, 16, 19, 20, 21, and 27. The Urban Institute. http://anfdata.urban.org (accessed November 10, 2009).
  5. 2007 Survey conducted by Kay Johnson for the National Center for Children in Poverty (Publication forthcoming.) Indiana, Kanas, Vermont, Washington, and D.C. did not respond to the survey.
  6. U.S. Department of Labor, Employment Standards Administration. 2009. Minimum Wage Laws in the States, July 2009. http://www.dol.gov (accessed October 28, 2009)
  7. Oliff, Phil; Singham, Ashali. 2009. The Impact of State Income Taxes on Low-Income Families in 2008. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. http://www.cbpp.org (accessed November 9, 2009).
  8. Community Resources Information, Inc., TaxCreditResources.org, section last updated 03/06/09, taxcreditresources.org (accessed March 25, 2009).
  9. National Women's Law Center, State Child and Dependent Care Tax Provisions, Tax Year 2007, 2007.
  10. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Report of State and Territory Plans, FY 2008-2009, 2008. http://nccic.acf.hhs.gov (Accessed April 2, 2009)
  11. Vinson, Michelle; Turetsky, Vicky. 2009. State Child Support Pass-Through Policies. Center for Law and Social Policy. http://www.clasp.org (accessed November 10, 2009)